Everything about Tamil-kannada Languages totally explained
Tamil-Kannada is a hypothetical inner branch (Zvelebil 1990:56) of the South Dravidian I (SDr I) subfamily of the
Southern Dravidian languages that include
Tamil and
Kannada. (It must be noted that there have been slight differences in the way Dravidian languages are grouped by various Dravidian linguists: See Subrahmanyam 1983, Zvelebil 1990, Krishnamurthi 2003)). Tamil-Kannada itself is designated as a branch of the Tamil-Tulu branch of the South Dravidian I subfamily (Tulu by itself forming the other branch of SDr I) and in turn branches off into Tamil-Kodagu and Kannada-Badaga whereby we eventually have Tamil, Malayalam, Irula, Toda, Kota and Kodagu, Badaga, and Kannada as the members of the Tamil-Kananda branch (Zvelebil 1990:56).
The separation of Tamil-Kannada occurred with the separation of
Tulu and before the separation of
Kodagu branch from South-Proto-Dravidian language, somewhere around 2000-1500 BC.
Tamil and Kannada are recognized among the
official languages of India and are spoken mainly in
South India.
Phonological Features
Tamil at present has both retroflex lateral and retroflex fricative, while Kannada has retained only the retroflex lateral. Evidences show that both retroflex fricative and the retroflex laterals were once (before the 10th century) present in Kannada also. However all the retroflex fricatives changed in to retroflex laterals in Kannada later.In Kannada, the bilabial voiceless plosive ('p-') at the beginning of many words have disappeared to produce a velar fricative (h) or have disappeared completely. This change is unique to Kannada in the Dravidian family. Tamil doesn't show this change.
Tamil and
Telugu, shows the conversion of velar plosives ('k-') in to palatal plosives at the beginning of the words (refer to
comparative methods for details). Kannada however, is totally inert to this change and hence the velar plosives are retained as such or with minimum changes in the corresponding words.
The Scripts
Differing theories have been proposed regarding the origin of
Kannada and
Telugu scripts. Some claim that the script for
Telugu is derived from that of
Kannada script, Telugu look almost similar to that of
Kannada.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Tamil-kannada Languages'.
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